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# A4Climate

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://www.a4climate.eu/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [A4CLIMATE – A European Initiative for Smart, Climate-Compatible and Competitive Aviation](https://www.a4climate.eu/wp-content/uploads/A4CLIMATE_Press-Release-1_Flight-campaign_Consortium-wide_2025-11-26.pdf#new_tab) - Cutting the Clouds: Europe’s Push to Reduce Aviation’s Climate Impact
- [A4Climate Overview Presentation](https://www.a4climate.eu/wp-content/uploads/A4CLIMATE_Overview_Presentation_20250401_EU.pdf#new_tab) - Advancing Aeronautics and Aerosol research to Accelerate CLIMATE neutral aviation
- [A4Climate Project Launches with Successful Kick-Off Meeting](https://www.a4climate.eu/news/a4climate-project-launches-with-successful-kick-off-meeting/) - The A4Climate project officially launched with a dynamic and collaborative kick-off meeting, bringing together 17 partner institutions from 9 countries
- [Deliverable 3.1 - Flight test - concept study](https://www.a4climate.eu/wp-content/uploads/a4climate_d3-1_flight-test-report_v1.0_final.pdf#new_tab) - Report on conceptualization of demonstration flight tests series
- [A4Climate partners share some exciting outcomes](https://www.a4climate.eu/news/our-a4climate-partners-share-some-exciting-outcomes-from-the-workshop/) - The event brought together experts from academia, aviation, and policy to discuss the latest advances in contrail prediction, monitoring, observation and mitigation
- [We’ve released Deliverable D3.1 — “Flight Test Concept Study”!](https://www.a4climate.eu/news/weve-released-deliverable-d3-1-flight-test-concept-study/) - The document outlines a conceptual approach for the A4Climate contrail avoidance flights, aiming to identify operational strategies that minimize aviation’s non-CO₂ climate impact — particularly the formation of persistent contrails and contrail cirrus.

## Pages

- [Home](https://www.a4climate.eu/) - Advancing Aeronautics and Aerosol Research to Accelerate Climate-Neutral Aviation
- [Legal Notice](https://www.a4climate.eu/legal-notice/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”homesectionone” _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”_initial” width_tablet=”95%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]Legal Notice & Disclaimer Information according to § 5 TMG PNO Innovation Germany (fka ARTTIC)Oscar-von-Miller-Ring 2980333 MunichCommercial register: HRB 255741Register court: MunichRepresented by:Managing Directors: Paolo Salvatore, Marc ElsinghorstAuthorised Officer (Prokurist): Dr. Martin Dietz Contact Phone:
- [Consortium](https://www.a4climate.eu/consortium/) - Seventeen partners from science, industry, and aviation across nine countries unite to cut aviation’s non-CO₂ climate impact through research and innovation
- [WP2 – In-Flight Measurements of Aircraft Aerosol Effects on High and Low Clouds](https://www.a4climate.eu/work-packages/wp2-in-flight-measurements-of-aircraft-aerosol-effects-on-high-and-low-clouds/) - WP2 investigates how aircraft aerosols affect high and low clouds through in-flight measurements, advancing climate-neutral aviation research
- [Copyright](https://www.a4climate.eu/copyright/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”homesectionone” _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”_initial” width_tablet=”95%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.24.3″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]Copyright Images of individuals are the copyright of the photographer or the personal property of the person displayed. Please note: You are welcome to make a link to any of the web pages the project
- [Privacy Protection](https://www.a4climate.eu/privacy-protection/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ module_id=”homesectionone” _builder_version=”4.24.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”_initial” width_tablet=”95%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.22.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]Privacy protection Knowledge, expertise, and trust are crucial pillars of the service by all group companies affiliated with the PNO Innovation We are committed to giving you clarity on how we handle your personal data. In
- [Contact](https://www.a4climate.eu/contact/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”||33px|||” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||33px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||33px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”_initial” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” width=”80%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”80%” width_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”]A4CLIMATE Contact us[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”_initial” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]If you have any questions or would like to learn more about the
- [Results & Publications](https://www.a4climate.eu/results-publications/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]Results & Publications[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text disabled_on=”on|on|on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” disabled=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”]Publications[/et_pb_text][et_pb_blog include_categories=”14″ show_author=”off” show_date=”off” show_categories=”off” show_pagination=”off” disabled_on=”on|on|on” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” header_level=”h4″ custom_css_free_form=”@media (min-width: 768px) {|| selector article.has-post-thumbnail {|| display: grid;|| grid-template-columns: 30% auto;||
- [News & Events](https://www.a4climate.eu/news-events/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]News & Events[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_blog fullwidth=”off” include_categories=”2,1″ show_author=”off” show_date=”off” show_categories=”off” admin_label=”News & Events – Blog” module_class=”dt-blog-equal-height” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” hover_enabled=”0″ border_radii=”on|10px|10px|10px|10px” border_width_all=”4px” border_color_all=”#8EB318″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][/et_pb_blog][et_pb_blog include_categories=”1,2″ show_author=”off” show_date=”off” show_categories=”off” show_pagination=”off” disabled_on=”on|on|on”
- [Definitions](https://www.a4climate.eu/definitions/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”2560px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]Definitions[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]
- [WP6 – Project Management and Coordination](https://www.a4climate.eu/work-packages/wp6-project-management-and-coordination/) - WP6 ensures robust project management and coordination across A4Climate, enabling seamless collaboration and delivery of impactful climate outcomes
- [WP5 – Synthesis, Impact and Outreach](https://www.a4climate.eu/work-packages/wp5-synthesis-impact-and-outreach/) - WP5 integrates results across A4Climate work packages into cohesive impact outputs and outreach efforts to maximize climate benefit and stakeholder engagement
- [WP4 – Climate Optimized Flight Routes: Predictability and Costs](https://www.a4climate.eu/work-packages/wp4-climate-optimized-flight-routes-predictability-and-costs/) - WP4 develops climate-optimized flight paths to balance predictability and cost, reducing aviation’s climate impact while maintaining economic efficiency
- [WP3 – Operational Airline Demonstration Flights for Contrail Avoidance](https://www.a4climate.eu/work-packages/wp3-operational-airline-demonstration-flights-for-contrail-avoidance/) - WP3 executes operational airline demonstration flights to test contrail avoidance strategies, contributing to climate-neutral aviation solutions
- [WP1 – Contrail Ice Nucleation in the Low Soot Regime](https://www.a4climate.eu/work-packages/wp1-contrail-ice-nucleation-in-the-low-soot-regime/) - WP1 studies contrail ice nucleation in low-soot conditions to improve understanding of non-CO₂ impacts and support climate-neutral aviation
- [Work Packages](https://www.a4climate.eu/work-packages/) - [et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]WORK-PACKAGES [/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” admin_label=”WP Blue boxes – 1 to 3″ module_class=”blueboxesseconddivbottom” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_module=”746″ saved_tabs=”all” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#2877AF” background_image=”https://www.a4climate.eu/wp-content/uploads/Montserrat_Number_1_Transparent.svg” background_size=”custom” background_image_width=”85%” background_blend=”soft-light” custom_padding=”20px|20px|20px|20px|true|true” hover_enabled=”0″ background_last_edited=”on|tablet” background_image_width_tablet=”50%” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_blurb title=”WP1″
- [Synergies](https://www.a4climate.eu/synergies/) - Explore A4Climate’s synergies with European and global initiatives driving innovation and collaboration toward climate-neutral aviation
- [Impact](https://www.a4climate.eu/impact/) - A4Climate drives measurable progress toward climate-neutral aviation in Europe and beyond, supporting immediate and long-term climate action
- [Vision & Mission](https://www.a4climate.eu/vision-mission/) - A4Climate advances climate-neutral aviation through four key objectives tackling aviation’s urgent non-CO₂ challenges, especially contrails

## CM Tooltip Glossary

- [HALO](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/high-altitude-and-long-range-research-aircraft-halo/) - High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO)
- [nvPM](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/non-volatile-particulate-matter-nvpm/) - Non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) solid particles, mainly soot, emitted from aircraft engines that remain stable and do not evaporate under atmospheric conditions. These particles play a key role in initiating ice crystal formation in contrails, particularly in engines operating in the high-soot regime.
- [PINE](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/portable-ice-nucleation-experiment-pine/) - Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment (PINE) laboratory instrument used to simulate atmospheric conditions and measure the ability of different aerosol particles—such as soot, sulfates, and lubrication oils—to initiate ice formation. It enables controlled studies of ice nucleation under contrail-relevant temperatures and humidities.
- [ISSRs](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/ice-supersaturated-regions-issrs/) - Ice supersaturated regions (ISSRs) areas in the upper troposphere where the relative humidity exceeds 100% with respect to ice, allowing persistent contrail formation. ISSRs are important because they: Enable persistent contrail formation when aircraft pass through them. Influence cloud formation and radiative forcing in the climate system.
- [NWP](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/numerical-weather-prediction-nwp/) - Numerical weather prediction (NWP) computer-based models to simulate and forecast atmospheric conditions—such as temperature, humidity, and wind—by solving physical equations. A4Climate relies on NWP systems to predict Ice Supersaturated Regions and support accurate contrail formation and climate impact assessments for flight planning and contrail avoidance.
- [EF](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/energy-forcing-ef/) - Energy forcing (EF) total amount of energy added to the Earth's atmosphere over time by a contrail, calculated by integrating its radiative impact throughout its lifetime. It is used to quantify the climate effect of individual contrails and to compare their warming impact to that of CO₂.
- [vPM](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/volatile-particulate-matter-vpm/) - Volatile Particulate Matter (vPM) tiny droplets formed from substances like unburnt fuel, lubrication oils, and sulfur compounds that condense or nucleate in the aircraft exhaust plume.
- [ECMWF](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/european-centre-for-medium-range-weather-forecasts-ecmwf/) - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) leading international weather forecasting organization that provides high-resolution global atmospheric data, including forecasts of humidity and ice supersaturation.
- [ICON](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/icosahedral-nonhydrostatic-icon/) - ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model developed by the German Weather Service (DWD). It is used to simulate atmospheric conditions, including humidity and ice supersaturation, which are critical for predicting contrail formation. A4Climate enhances ICON by assimilating satellite and aircraft data to improve the accuracy of contrail and cirrus cloud forecasts for
- [CoCiP](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/cocip-contrail-cirrus-prediction/) - CoCiP (Contrail Cirrus Prediction) is a simulation model used to predict the formation, evolution, and climate impact of aircraft contrails. It calculates contrail properties and their radiative forcing based on flight trajectories and weather data.
- [FK5D](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/fk5d/) - advanced flight planning and optimization software developed by Flightkeys GmbH. It supports airlines in generating cost-efficient and environmentally optimized flight trajectories. Within A4Climate, FK5D integrates contrail prediction data—such as energy forcing and ice supersaturation—from models like CoCiP/PyContrails to plan and assess climate-optimized flight routes that reduce the impact of aviation-induced contrails.
- [CO₂ equivalence metrics](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/co₂-equivalence-metrics/) - calculation methods used to express the climate impact of short-lived non-CO₂ effects—like contrails—in terms of an equivalent amount of CO₂ emissions. Metrics such as Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature-change Potential (GTP) allow comparison between CO₂ and non-CO₂ effects over specific time horizons.
- [PyContrails](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/pycontrails/) - Open-source Python library that implements the CoCiP (Contrail Cirrus Prediction) model to simulate contrail formation, evolution, and climate impact. It is used to assess the effects of aircraft emissions on the atmosphere and supports real-time contrail prediction and climate-optimized flight planning.
- [Ice Nucleation](https://www.a4climate.eu/glossary/ice-nucleation/) - Process by which aerosol particles—such as soot, sulfates, or lubrication oil droplets—initiate the formation of ice crystals in aircraft contrails, particularly under cold, humid conditions at cruise altitudes.

## Categories

- [News](https://www.a4climate.eu/category/news/)
- [Presentations](https://www.a4climate.eu/category/presentations/)
- [Deliverables](https://www.a4climate.eu/category/deliverables/)